tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-86362058858116097642024-03-13T08:06:01.947-07:00Siberian Chiffchaffs at Powick & GrimleyRedpollshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15924875045965763296noreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8636205885811609764.post-88553245129612381632015-04-04T10:11:00.000-07:002015-07-02T09:42:24.381-07:00<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SIBERIAN
CHIFFCHAFFS <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Phylloscopus collybita
tristis</i> AT POWICK SEWAGE TREATMENT WORKS, DURING THE WINTER 2014 – 2015<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The winter 2014/2015 proved exceptional for the
numbers of Common Chiffchaff <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Phylloscopus
collybita </i>at Worcestershire’s sewage treatment works, with three prime
localities in the south of the county, Powick, Upton-upon-Severn and Kempsey
holding a combined estimated total of 45 – 50 individuals. <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Powick proved the most productive and by late
December, two Siberian Chiffchaffs were discovered feeding on the filtration
beds and along the adjacent hedges. Fortunately both individuals were often
very confiding, allowing an excellent opportunity to obtain detailed analysis
of the birds’ plumage, moult strategy and vocalisation. Though generally, the
plumage colouration was similar on both birds, distinct differences were
reasonably obvious, allowing easy separation in the field and the following
article specifically deals with these variations, the timing of their
pre-breeding moult and finally vocalisation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Plumage
& bill colour variations<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Underparts, face & bill<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Bird 1 (from now
on referred to as the dark-billed bird). Plate 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">This individual showed a distinct buff wash to the
breast, flanks and thighs, plus a faint buff wash on the shortest
undertail-coverts, whilst the throat, belly and longest undertail-coverts were
predominately white. The supercilium was pale buff throughout, the eye-ring
whitish, the ear-coverts rusty-buff and a darker brown eye-stripe was prominent,
particularly before the start of the pre-breeding body moult. Any traces of
yellow were restricted to the underwing-covers and axillaries and the bill was
dark throughout. Its appearance matched a so-called ‘classic’ Siberian
Chiffchaff.<span style="color: #0066ff;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Bird 2 (from now
on referred to as the pale-billed bird). Plate 2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The ear-covert and underparts colouration was pretty
much identical to the dark-billed bird, whilst the supercilium, though
predominately buff, showed a hint of yellow just above the eye and on the upper
eye-ring, being quite obvious on the right side of the face, but far less so on
the left. The eye-stripe was lighter and far less prominent, plus the bill was
pale along its cutting edge and at the base of the lower mandible. The trace of
a yellow tinge above the eye and possibly the extent of yellow on the bill
suggests this individual to be a bird from the western breeding range of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tristis, </i>which can show limited amounts
of yellow on the upper eye-ring, supercilium and underparts and has been
assigned the form<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> ‘fulvescens’</i>
(Severtzov 1872). The origins of this additional yellow compared with a
‘classic’ tristis are debated. It may be simply individual or clinal variation
or may indicate slight introgression from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">abietinus</i>
populations. Such individuals are generally treated as a variant of Siberian
Chiffchaff and the term ‘fulvescens’, while a convenient designation, has no
formal taxonomic significance.<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></b></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizZrgA-SXP3g_-mzoJl97bL67FaFeRNSjWjCvxpkKyEwEnWVeZM8QQhyphenhyphenB8EjXKMe-jhiWQWI85zYmDGAxlqZMOBm4n0nzS5v6Y10di6_FwOZPaptxaBYbOsd1CaXlGX59_KzYfXct27_I/s1600/plate+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizZrgA-SXP3g_-mzoJl97bL67FaFeRNSjWjCvxpkKyEwEnWVeZM8QQhyphenhyphenB8EjXKMe-jhiWQWI85zYmDGAxlqZMOBm4n0nzS5v6Y10di6_FwOZPaptxaBYbOsd1CaXlGX59_KzYfXct27_I/s1600/plate+1.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div align="center">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong><u><span style="font-size: small;">Plate 1</span></u> - Siberian Chiffchaff (dark-billed bird). Left: 21st February 2015. Right: During pre-breeding moult, </strong><strong>22nd March 2015. © Andy Warr<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></strong></span></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWv2et2Jz2Pyrmu09VUvrTVRRGYcprjPzn5iOnvK6CsLlYJcuqCeuAVKgh63XUEniAl_owGAK-CETBVipSMQNEcDdb9oMb9-iCTVRxNSqCN5zEvjzxKhI4erxm2VpShhuS93eUdck_18s/s1600/plate+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="322" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWv2et2Jz2Pyrmu09VUvrTVRRGYcprjPzn5iOnvK6CsLlYJcuqCeuAVKgh63XUEniAl_owGAK-CETBVipSMQNEcDdb9oMb9-iCTVRxNSqCN5zEvjzxKhI4erxm2VpShhuS93eUdck_18s/s1600/plate+2.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><u>Plate 2</u> </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">- Siberian Chiffchaff <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘fulvescens’</i> (pale-billed bird) 21st February 2015. © Andy Warr<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span></strong></td></tr>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Upperparts & remiges <o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Dark-billed bird.
Plate 3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Brown-grey on the nape, mantle and scapulars, the
latter having very limited olive-green streaking, whilst the crown was a darker
uniformed brown and a slight olive-green tinge was present on the back, rump
and uppertail-coverts. The greater-coverts were broadly tipped buff, forming a
distinct, but diffuse wing-bar, the wing-coverts, primaries and secondaries were fringed olive-green
and contrasted with the broad buff fringes to the tertials and buff tips to the
primaries. <o:p></o:p></span></span></b><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Pale-billed bird.
Plate 4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">A paler sandybrown-grey on the crown, nape, mantle and
scapulars, with a slight olive-green tinge to the latter and only a hint of
olive-green on the back, rump and uppertail-coverts, so little contrast with
the mantle. The greater-coverts and tertials were buff fringed, plus the
primaries tipped buff, like the dark-billed bird, but the <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>primaries, secondaries and lesser wing-coverts
were edged a brighter olive-green. <o:p></o:p></span></span></b><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhC1KgN2aVLk1eWBX9f6b6Hu16Y4gsHIY-M6lq3rjbx8ZHZo_QO6Iw4zgZx80l0bo8TkYW5ffghuTdcPirVC_5tEWPKHeT6IcufjuFT2d-ggUL-lDbXvhF8-XXIq3WoVAC4frxPZ296rAk/s1600/Plate+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="340" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhC1KgN2aVLk1eWBX9f6b6Hu16Y4gsHIY-M6lq3rjbx8ZHZo_QO6Iw4zgZx80l0bo8TkYW5ffghuTdcPirVC_5tEWPKHeT6IcufjuFT2d-ggUL-lDbXvhF8-XXIq3WoVAC4frxPZ296rAk/s1600/Plate+3.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> <u><span style="font-size: small;">Plate 3</span></u> - Siberian Chiffchaff (dark-billed bird) 21st February 2015. © Andy Warr<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></strong></td></tr>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></span></b><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf5NcnITh-am9Q6hVLI8eNQxT0fD5_Pyh04Ux-Mfer77DG46CJa3iHfQ_OsgVdkVau0t8EltFiXRwZVMF06GJ-cran36XolxdYuFQtU5A3xjp_Asj-l_v911a_NLTWb5dDYbE_fOnNv30/s1600/Plate+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf5NcnITh-am9Q6hVLI8eNQxT0fD5_Pyh04Ux-Mfer77DG46CJa3iHfQ_OsgVdkVau0t8EltFiXRwZVMF06GJ-cran36XolxdYuFQtU5A3xjp_Asj-l_v911a_NLTWb5dDYbE_fOnNv30/s1600/Plate+4.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><u><span style="font-size: small;">Plate 4</span></u> - Siberian Chiffchaff (pale-billed bird) 21st February 2015. © Andy Warr<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></strong></td></tr>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The
pre-breeding moult<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">As well as plumage and vocalisation, the timing of the
pre-breeding moult is a good indicator, when determining the identification of
Siberian Chiffchaff. In the winter quarters, a partial moult is carried out
prior to the migration north to the breeding grounds and includes body feathers and sometimes the
innermost tertials and central tail feathers. <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The timing of this moult varies between the races,
with nominate <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">collybita</i> being from December
– January (Ticehurst 1938; Williamson 1967; Ginn & Melville 1983), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">abietinus</i> from January – mid-February
(Ticehurst 1938) and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tristis</i> from mid-February
to the end of March (Ticehurst 1938). <o:p></o:p></span></span></b><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Plates 3 & 4 above, depict both individuals before
the pre-breeding moult on 21st February, holding a full set of tertials and
central tail feathers, plus uniformed sleek body feathering throughout. By 14th
March, both had dropped their inner and middle tertials, plus the central pair
of tail feathers, whilst the first signs of body moult were apparent,
predominately on the head and underparts.<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Dark-billed bird.
Plates 5 & 6<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Note the missing inner/middle tertials depicted in
plate 5 and signs of body moult around the face and on the underparts in plate
6. <o:p></o:p></span></span></b><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Pale-billed bird.
Plates 7 & 8<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Timing of the moult was almost identical to the
dark-billed bird, except for the growth of replacement tertials and tail
feathers being more advanced, with the middle tertials just visible beyond the
scapulars and the central tail feathers about level with the longest
uppertail-coverts. <o:p></o:p></span></span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKnof0d_980h4heUWEh8CarrFbKwsyOLUnNQSLrT8E728GGUz6X_lIIsAT4V_dhPDHFHaQVPOAX_cVynHTDda0k-Zdk25ErRIOwYgKaXcaRh-NiSk2POREavfY91b7Ohykrmdf-4WY5pw/s1600/Plate+5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKnof0d_980h4heUWEh8CarrFbKwsyOLUnNQSLrT8E728GGUz6X_lIIsAT4V_dhPDHFHaQVPOAX_cVynHTDda0k-Zdk25ErRIOwYgKaXcaRh-NiSk2POREavfY91b7Ohykrmdf-4WY5pw/s1600/Plate+5.jpg" width="296" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><u><span style="font-size: small;">Plate 5</span></u> - Siberian Chiffchaff (dark-billed Bird) 15th March 2015. © Andy Warr</span></strong></td></tr>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></b><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggomYn0buG2lqPG8o9dkkuq0KTmA6NlrIVBXDIr1S_NWOlrn83ydeePz_prFEsk5PUzjmFeW8u7ORr4Jg-xh906Lsxxzqj8Bh_qOXjYwSrL6rc4JS2TLAEWSKu4oGIrBUAURQ7o4Vi6YM/s1600/plate+6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggomYn0buG2lqPG8o9dkkuq0KTmA6NlrIVBXDIr1S_NWOlrn83ydeePz_prFEsk5PUzjmFeW8u7ORr4Jg-xh906Lsxxzqj8Bh_qOXjYwSrL6rc4JS2TLAEWSKu4oGIrBUAURQ7o4Vi6YM/s1600/plate+6.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"> <u><span style="font-size: small;">Plate 6</span></u> - Siberian Chiffchaff (dark-billed bird) 15th March 2015. © Andy Warr</span></strong></td></tr>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></span></b><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSlpePPTRUHHbubp8Fe6sNR50rKOZjeuux4kE2gb3yK9qMNp58hkenRkcPIrdcq4PBqcHHD42QwostI3MRgnwoiYFvrLB8Yhy7UMGK0UDuN4-iH6gL3xQL3kJ0X0-S0LlZohGZfErKX88/s1600/plate+7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="264" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSlpePPTRUHHbubp8Fe6sNR50rKOZjeuux4kE2gb3yK9qMNp58hkenRkcPIrdcq4PBqcHHD42QwostI3MRgnwoiYFvrLB8Yhy7UMGK0UDuN4-iH6gL3xQL3kJ0X0-S0LlZohGZfErKX88/s1600/plate+7.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><u><span style="font-size: small;">Plate 7</span></u> - Siberian Chiffchaff (pale-billed bird) 14th/15th March 2015.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><strong> </strong><strong>© Andy Warr<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></strong></span></span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></b><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4tgX0M_7vDZkKjMwNkv4upWgJumySef6CuCGNmGOGrICN7t5euZAYxzW39KdIKRM316ZUqr-DkpB7nxScwbkPKOLtrvc-2WNuK_X2Glmr4UHxYxBKyVqLKIhkiNXH0C0Zz6fPvXKfCsw/s1600/plate+8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="520" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4tgX0M_7vDZkKjMwNkv4upWgJumySef6CuCGNmGOGrICN7t5euZAYxzW39KdIKRM316ZUqr-DkpB7nxScwbkPKOLtrvc-2WNuK_X2Glmr4UHxYxBKyVqLKIhkiNXH0C0Zz6fPvXKfCsw/s1600/plate+8.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><u><span style="font-size: small;">Plate 8</span></u> - Siberian Chiffchaff (pale-billed bird) 14th March 2015. © Andy Warr</span></strong></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Dark-billed bird.
Plate 9<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">By 21st/22nd March, the new central tail feathers are
still hidden below the uppertail-coverts, but the middle tertials are clearly
visible, whilst the tips of the innermost pair are only just protruding beyond
the scapulars. <o:p></o:p></span></span></b><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Pale-billed bird.
Plates 10 & 11<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The central tail feathers and both the middle and
innermost tertials are approximately ¾ grown, whilst there is heavy feather
moult on the cheeks by 21st March. <o:p></o:p></span></span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></span></b><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLe7Ok3XWNmPaClfxJcBsehHlqDfi1M4hEV0WM7GxjMvJSru3UlOA-f98d9utoKKU_qK8IhMKXZDq1a6IkxXbApNkM2aMnKFHUlsY9FwCJwAN0DG6-Em0zX4SGm-rsMTExoPy7X98sUEw/s1600/plate+9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="418" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLe7Ok3XWNmPaClfxJcBsehHlqDfi1M4hEV0WM7GxjMvJSru3UlOA-f98d9utoKKU_qK8IhMKXZDq1a6IkxXbApNkM2aMnKFHUlsY9FwCJwAN0DG6-Em0zX4SGm-rsMTExoPy7X98sUEw/s1600/plate+9.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div align="center">
<strong><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><u><span style="font-size: small;">Plate 9</span></u> - Siberian Chiffchaff (dark-billed bird) 21st/22nd March 2015.</span></span></strong><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> © Andy Warr</span></span></b></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></b><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-cBxeEVyVjS37B8FijgA7KcPcz9eleZDfgcGaRn75xmpwUqmwcQKpetAoSe454_ap5ZQWFGsLXOs9qgVjUwv3H19YW3eQ6Oi5ki-p0XvSTuUDvoDHDmf9nCd7wjFsCh443LM8WsZEhJ0/s1600/plate+10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="572" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-cBxeEVyVjS37B8FijgA7KcPcz9eleZDfgcGaRn75xmpwUqmwcQKpetAoSe454_ap5ZQWFGsLXOs9qgVjUwv3H19YW3eQ6Oi5ki-p0XvSTuUDvoDHDmf9nCd7wjFsCh443LM8WsZEhJ0/s1600/plate+10.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><u><span style="font-size: small;">Plate 10</span></u> - Siberian Chiffchaff (pale-billed bird) 21st March 2015. © Andy Warr</span></strong></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_sdEs7AgUoeBFYATqRRoYrVPcgK6oEEO08eXRdoT5cNLLvZukZhB63leSt77w2xuxt1DMgSlpaM_bJPBV2LzpJzHzAcLSWbtXYrRnA40GRo5AYo2RhG2Rj-14aoNMt9cyjrGt74CHLbU/s1600/plate+11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_sdEs7AgUoeBFYATqRRoYrVPcgK6oEEO08eXRdoT5cNLLvZukZhB63leSt77w2xuxt1DMgSlpaM_bJPBV2LzpJzHzAcLSWbtXYrRnA40GRo5AYo2RhG2Rj-14aoNMt9cyjrGt74CHLbU/s1600/plate+11.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><u><span style="font-size: small;">Plate 11</span></u> - Siberian Chiffchaff (pale-billed bird) 21st March 2015. © Andy Warr</span></strong></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Vocalisation<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Typically, Siberian Chiffchaffs are frustratingly
silent on the wintering grounds, which seems unusual considering Common
Chiffchaff <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">collybita</i> is so vocal. Despite
over 40 hours spent with both individual between late December - early March,
the pale-billed bird was heard just once, whilst the dark-billed bird remained
silent until 14th March. Hereafter, they became a little more vocal and was
soon apparent that as well as the classic <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tristis</i>
call, two distinct variant calls were included in both birds vocabulary.
Unfortunately neither turned out to be singing males. <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dark-billed bird
(sonograms)</b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Call 1- A slight variant of the classic even pitched<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> ‘peet’ </i>call of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tristis</i>, being an near-monosyllabic ‘sweeoo’, marginally rising in
pitch at the beginning, levelling out at 4.3 kHz, before dropping to 3.6 kHz.<o:p></o:p></span></span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Call 2- A loud, straight, almost monosyllabic note, rising
in pitch from 3.2 kHz - 4.9 kHz, then a slight fall in pitch towards the end.<o:p></o:p></span></span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Call 3- A much quieter, thinner call compared to the
latter and structurally more similar to the rising disyllabic <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘hweet’</i> call of Common Chiffchaff <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">collybita/abietinus</i>. The call ranged
from 3.1 kHz – 5.3 kHz. <o:p></o:p></span></span></b><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pale-billed bird
(sonograms)</b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tristis</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘peet’/’sweeoo’</i> call was heard on two
occasions, but eluded the recorder. <o:p></o:p></span></span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Calls 1 & 2- These two are subtle variants of the
same call, being very similar to call 2 of the dark-billed bird in volume,
pitch and structure, though slightly brighter and sharper in tone. Call 1 had a
shallow drop in pitch at the beginning, whilst this is lacking in call 2. Both
calls ranged from 3.2 kHz – 5.2 kHz. <o:p></o:p></span></span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Call 3- Identical to call 3 of the dark-billed bird in
volume and structure, but ranged from 2.8 kHz – 5.5 kHz. </span></span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">All calls from both individuals were reasonably
consistent in length, ranging from 0.13 – 0.15 of a second. </span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b> </span></div>
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvjgFPTxmjPezxsz8yZWPz-8f9ZofB9jS7COu9Y5eJU4GVMVOOG8kuRY2ZkvqIZbxgyrMlxYNguA9Y43MKoBuTMzqQ978merg5YceZzstpO3w3JG5uOgSbjQGjeHdg_TC6QBahjZf1L8I/s1600/mont+copy+copy.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="368" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvjgFPTxmjPezxsz8yZWPz-8f9ZofB9jS7COu9Y5eJU4GVMVOOG8kuRY2ZkvqIZbxgyrMlxYNguA9Y43MKoBuTMzqQ978merg5YceZzstpO3w3JG5uOgSbjQGjeHdg_TC6QBahjZf1L8I/s1600/mont+copy+copy.png" width="640" /></a><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">
</span>
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><strong><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">Recordings of the calls</span></strong><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong>Dark-billed bird- Call 1</strong><a href="http://chirb.it/9k0Ogk" style="font-family: helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; margin: 5px; text-align: left;" target="_blank" title="Dark-billed bird- call 1 | social audio"><span style="color: blue;">Click here</span></a> <strong>Call 2</strong><a href="http://chirb.it/1fsgLt" style="font-family: helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; margin: 5px; text-align: left;" target="_blank" title="Dark-billed bird- call 2. 2015 | social audio"><span style="color: blue;">Click here</span></a> <strong>Call 3</strong><a href="http://chirb.it/haaxLF" style="font-family: helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; margin: 5px; text-align: left;" target="_blank" title="Dark-billed bird- call 3. 2015 | social audio"><span style="color: blue;">Click here</span></a><br />
<strong></strong><br />
<strong>Pale-billed bird- Call 1</strong><a href="http://chirb.it/BbnxhB" style="font-family: helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; margin: 5px; text-align: left;" target="_blank" title="Pale-billed bird- call 1. 2015 | social audio"><span style="color: blue;">Click here</span></a> <strong>Call 2</strong><a href="http://chirb.it/w0POKy" style="font-family: helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; margin: 5px; text-align: left;" target="_blank" title="Pale-billed bird- call 2. 2015 | social audio"><span style="color: blue;">Click here</span></a> <strong>Call 3</strong><a href="http://chirb.it/zDvvMe" style="font-family: helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; margin: 5px; text-align: left;" target="_blank" title="Pale-billed bird- call 3. 2015 | social audio"><span style="color: blue;">Click here</span></a><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong>For further comments on call variation in Siberian
Chiffchaffs see Alan Dean’s web items <a href="http://deanar.org.uk/tristis/tristis.htm#problemcalls" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Click here</span></a> </strong><strong> and <a href="http://deanar.org.uk/tristis/casestudy3.htm" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Click here</span></a> and for Martin Garner's web item <a href="http://birdingfrontiers.com/2013/01/02/siberian-chiffchaff-and-common-chiffchaff-part-2/" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Click here</span></a></strong></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>For more photos of the Powick birds, visit my
flickr page <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/130572912@N08/sets/72157651431949312/" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Click here</span></a></strong></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Verdana",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><strong>Acknowledgements</strong></span><b><u><span style="font-family: "Verdana",sans-serif;"> </span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: "Verdana",sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Many thanks to Alan Dean for his input and advise during the production of this article.</span> </strong></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><br />
</span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">Written and compiled by Andy Warr.</span> </span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></b></span></span><br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></b></span></span><br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></b></span></span><br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">____________________________________________________________</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><br />
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
</span></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">SIBERIAN
CHIFFCHAFF <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Phylloscopus collybita tristis</i>
AT GRIMLEY, WORCESTERSHIRE IN APRIL 2015<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">On 22nd April 2015, a singing Siberian Chiffchaff was
discovered by Brian Stretch at Camp Lane Pits, Grimley. The bird remained
onsite for a couple of days, favouring a stretch of partly submerged Willow
along the eastern shore of the southern pool and like the Powick birds, gave an
excellent opportunity to study both plumage and vocalisation. <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;">Plumage
& bill colouration<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Upperparts, remiges, rectrices, face & bill<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span></span></span></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">Plates 1 & 2</span></b></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The crown, mantle, scapulars, back and uppertail-coverts were a uniformed brown and lacked any obvious olive-green flecking throughout, whilst the rump possessed a slight olive ting and the nape had a greyer cast. The greater-coverts were fringed buff/off-white, the tips forming a narrow, diffuse wing-bar and the remaining wing-coverts, primaries, secondaries, tertials and tail feathers were also fringed/tipped buff, with only the slightest hint of olive-green present, so minimal contrast in colour between the remiges/rectrices and the upperparts. </span></b></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXkti_Iui7EgjQuKzDvKkMXHP6j6JWsJS0wDZpcLz_1F3dSQGOjmAMnqfHKhncVBkLy_y3dX19Ey2EDR4ybOe1pYc0pTssQo_2xxVAr_LKtAg6GHL1P93q1bBZh_PlhlKpMTtmhheuGs0/s1600/plate+1-+Siberian+Chiffchaff_Camp+Lane+Pits_22-4-15_20+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="404" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXkti_Iui7EgjQuKzDvKkMXHP6j6JWsJS0wDZpcLz_1F3dSQGOjmAMnqfHKhncVBkLy_y3dX19Ey2EDR4ybOe1pYc0pTssQo_2xxVAr_LKtAg6GHL1P93q1bBZh_PlhlKpMTtmhheuGs0/s1600/plate+1-+Siberian+Chiffchaff_Camp+Lane+Pits_22-4-15_20+copy.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-size: small;"><u>Plate 1</u></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"> – Siberian Chiffchaff, Grimley, 22rd, 23rd April 2015. © Andy Warr</span></strong></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhxcF0qIz0yEYSUGd6LPNZ1MngmlNGhxf9QRBIOC6mvMK7qRWuBGm4ZerEfX6N-Dak0uPk07hZ-TVFo4p-ynkgtC2C2PQznlF7kucM0qhK5RIC4ak2WNn9qc1G3PjEuI5gauk_G8cuz_I/s1600/added+sib+chiff.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="540" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhxcF0qIz0yEYSUGd6LPNZ1MngmlNGhxf9QRBIOC6mvMK7qRWuBGm4ZerEfX6N-Dak0uPk07hZ-TVFo4p-ynkgtC2C2PQznlF7kucM0qhK5RIC4ak2WNn9qc1G3PjEuI5gauk_G8cuz_I/s640/added+sib+chiff.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><u>Plate 2</u></span> – Siberian Chiffchaff, Grimley, 22rd April 2015. © Andy Warr</span></strong><o:p></o:p></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">Plate 3</span></b></span></span><br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The prominent supercilium was buff throughout and contrasted with the whitish eye-ring, plus lacked any trace of yellow, whilst the ear-coverts were rusty-buff and the bill predominantly dark, with orange-yellow restricted to the cutting edge. Due to the lack of yellow in the face, the yellow gap is particularly noticeable. </span></b><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"></span> </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrClpIHyTRgw2RRg42B63NoMsCMK_HyK8LVz0hz9C7qBGCVaC4MQXrFwA3_jXEGOTWxHdgzcp7HKq3f-TPRNDU8uvDgae7vBVVrqdO5700cATQ6XiaCa7MuYCC_izhrxqoK_MC1Bri_1A/s1600/plate+2-Siberian+Chiffchaff_Camp+Lane+Pits_22-4-15+six+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="352" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrClpIHyTRgw2RRg42B63NoMsCMK_HyK8LVz0hz9C7qBGCVaC4MQXrFwA3_jXEGOTWxHdgzcp7HKq3f-TPRNDU8uvDgae7vBVVrqdO5700cATQ6XiaCa7MuYCC_izhrxqoK_MC1Bri_1A/s1600/plate+2-Siberian+Chiffchaff_Camp+Lane+Pits_22-4-15+six+copy.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-size: small;"><u>Plate 3</u></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"> – Siberian Chiffchaff, Grimley, 22rd April 2015. © Andy Warr</span></strong></td></tr>
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</span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></u></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Underparts</span></u></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><u><span style="font-size: small;"></span></u></strong><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">Plates 4, 5 & 6</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">A strong buff colouration to the throat, breast, flanks, vent and thighs, whilst the belly and undertail-coverts were white. No trace of yellow could be detected on the underparts, plus appeared very limited on the lesser underwing-coverts, with just a hint of lemon-yellow on the latter and at the bend of the wing (see plate 6), though the extent of yellow on the axillaries was undetermined. </span></b></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQi1bdHGJs44XqowOTLedNPphINRVuCPq5g8-mOP2OEtQ8NETmsUNV8hNP86hRS3LGEB061-0jVV-wWOD2U9nCmq4TZZ7faQ9oG_7QAg1G1oWDaG8uJKDKcyBG4o6bBcDGSyuCk87QZM8/s1600/plate+4+-+Siberian+Chiffchaff_Camp+Lane+Pits_23-4-15_12+copy+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="342" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQi1bdHGJs44XqowOTLedNPphINRVuCPq5g8-mOP2OEtQ8NETmsUNV8hNP86hRS3LGEB061-0jVV-wWOD2U9nCmq4TZZ7faQ9oG_7QAg1G1oWDaG8uJKDKcyBG4o6bBcDGSyuCk87QZM8/s640/plate+4+-+Siberian+Chiffchaff_Camp+Lane+Pits_23-4-15_12+copy+copy.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><u>Plate 4</u> </span>- Siberian Chiffchaff, Grimley, 22nd & 23rd April 2015. © Andy Warr</span></strong><o:p></o:p></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDQdDNJI4dSahKNlerE6IZ_6QBFs36yD8lxX7imy_ewIUDrnU3bphDjwRwiQgM_1Y6wETo_unskBZNhkX4Gh3N-QOHlMmrXPDaT9vYFKJ9plYSztTnvwbfV0nvDIk5CpCklDpL-P9tB2Q/s1600/plate+4-+Siberian+Chiffchaff_Camp+Lane+Pits_22-4-15_21+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDQdDNJI4dSahKNlerE6IZ_6QBFs36yD8lxX7imy_ewIUDrnU3bphDjwRwiQgM_1Y6wETo_unskBZNhkX4Gh3N-QOHlMmrXPDaT9vYFKJ9plYSztTnvwbfV0nvDIk5CpCklDpL-P9tB2Q/s1600/plate+4-+Siberian+Chiffchaff_Camp+Lane+Pits_22-4-15_21+copy.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;"><strong><u>Plate 5</u></strong></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong> – Siberian Chiffchaff, Grimley, 22rd April 2015. © Andy Warr</strong></span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTtMtsIAqnB361RWK-covoC2SKCz7DZoQFP15xl6ZNTharZ_WFzrkMrkyQGSKPmKj8tl60c-o1OQAjrcD-coMsyf0XFCf0qarlVYyJK-cV1SyiLY0jxwLp2WXJTlZoNyDaCS2k1w1HaVE/s1600/plate+5-+Siberian+Chiffchaff_Camp+Lane+Pits_22-4-15_25.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTtMtsIAqnB361RWK-covoC2SKCz7DZoQFP15xl6ZNTharZ_WFzrkMrkyQGSKPmKj8tl60c-o1OQAjrcD-coMsyf0XFCf0qarlVYyJK-cV1SyiLY0jxwLp2WXJTlZoNyDaCS2k1w1HaVE/s1600/plate+5-+Siberian+Chiffchaff_Camp+Lane+Pits_22-4-15_25.jpg" width="600" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;"><strong><u>Plate 6</u></strong></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong> – Siberian Chiffchaff, Grimley, 22rd April 2015. © Andy Warr</strong></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span></b></span></span></span> </div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Age, feather wear & moult<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;">This individual has completed its pre-breeding moult and it’s body feathers are sleek and pristine. It has been aged as a first-winter, due to contrast between the new, darker and broader fringed inner greater-coverts and the shorter, paler and narrowly fringed juvenile outers, plus the even growth-bars across the outer tail feathers. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The exposed primary tips and outer tail feathers were particularly worn and bleached to a dull pale brown and contracted with the fresher central tail feathers and tertials, all three of the latter appearing to be of the same age, so lacking contrast between any newly moulted inner tertials, if replaced during the pre-breeding moult. This suggesting that all the tertials and probably the two central pairs of tail feathers were replaced during the post-juvenile moult. An adult wouldn’t show any contrast in the greater-coverts, have uneven growth-bars in the tail and would be expected to possess a darker and glossier appearance to the primaries and outer tail feathers at this time of year. The pre-breeding moult is believed to be more extensive in adults, than first-winter birds. </span></b></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></b></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">Plate 7</span></span></b></span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The angle of the bird, plus light conditions in the photograph show perfectly the features mentioned above.</span></span></b></span></span></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2da6b6UWppp9QzBArqlFHmk37VTWXm98oB9d3naj-7m2O3KX7L9h7Fk7dXtvr0FZraCAk3J13b45QNU58v933OWRA0WS9HRWE8mVZ7y4yGrmOxtE_EehvUD5ova99AyDVrHGmy0rAEX0/s1600/plate+6-+sib+chiff+moult+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="446" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2da6b6UWppp9QzBArqlFHmk37VTWXm98oB9d3naj-7m2O3KX7L9h7Fk7dXtvr0FZraCAk3J13b45QNU58v933OWRA0WS9HRWE8mVZ7y4yGrmOxtE_EehvUD5ova99AyDVrHGmy0rAEX0/s640/plate+6-+sib+chiff+moult+copy.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;"><strong><u>Plate 7</u></strong></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong> – Siberian Chiffchaff, Grimley, 22rd April 2015. © Andy Warr</strong></span></td></tr>
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</span> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Plate 8</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">A comparison of the remiges/rectrices to one of the Powick birds, which was considered an adults due to feather condition and the extensive pre-breeding moult. </span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXPKYMA1Odmz-mStDrnPZ5rXKdXvjBcvcAbypFxkt13D6wOeXZKjBn_PbNr4Lg8IXIPVYNRp0tC9H1SrReFPo4h8SvWJxez4-7sogBJXnzBmTyEtGPXMTDwEsL0cJFqkutuGha41SxoT8/s1600/plate+7-+Siberian+Chiffchaff_Camp+Lane+Pits_22-4-15_23.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXPKYMA1Odmz-mStDrnPZ5rXKdXvjBcvcAbypFxkt13D6wOeXZKjBn_PbNr4Lg8IXIPVYNRp0tC9H1SrReFPo4h8SvWJxez4-7sogBJXnzBmTyEtGPXMTDwEsL0cJFqkutuGha41SxoT8/s1600/plate+7-+Siberian+Chiffchaff_Camp+Lane+Pits_22-4-15_23.jpg" width="412" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;"><strong><u>Plate 8</u></strong></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong> – Siberian Chiffchaff, (top) Grimley, 22rd April 2015, (bottom) Powick STW, 14th March 2015 © Andy Warr</strong></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></u></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;">Vocalisation<o:p></o:p></span></u></b><br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Song<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Many recordings were obtained of the song and a sample
of these are featured below. Its song was pretty consistent throughout and no
song switching was heard from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tristis</i>
to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">collybita/abietinus</i>, or vice
versa. Most, but not all the sequences recorded, included some note signatures
shared by or very similar to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">collybita/abietinus</i>
and though these signatures are difficult to detect by ear on the recordings,
they a visible on the accompanying sonograms, conveying the appearance of a
reverse tick, and have been marked with a red line. Click on sonograms to enlarge. <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">Song sequence 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Quite a few <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">collybita/abietinus</i>
type note signatures are present during the first half of this sequence, but are
absent towards the end. Duration 18 seconds. </span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong>For recording </strong><a href="http://chirb.it/2aF0s2" style="font-family: helvetica,arial,sans-serif; margin: 5px; text-align: left;" target="_blank" title="Singing Siberian Chiffchaff (1) Grimley 2015 | social audio"><span style="color: blue;">click here</span></a></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYqDDA55Wxh9qugTl-_JX5U6x7yDVtvO-jPXkwSYVYOMvZ_4rypknLl3IDBtYUS0LU6yjyXrT-tcxqyF-DfAY_tO7RF7ftvst5s6RJLlpb-hlS6bwi-9FguwbYHGxBoG_pHjv0_Bm8lCY/s1600/song+1-+sib+chiff+record+19a+marked.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="104" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYqDDA55Wxh9qugTl-_JX5U6x7yDVtvO-jPXkwSYVYOMvZ_4rypknLl3IDBtYUS0LU6yjyXrT-tcxqyF-DfAY_tO7RF7ftvst5s6RJLlpb-hlS6bwi-9FguwbYHGxBoG_pHjv0_Bm8lCY/s1600/song+1-+sib+chiff+record+19a+marked.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Sequence 1 sonogram<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnfIC6drGqhUpX02DDmyH-V-y_Yr9wB6at4ATKWLpF_4YDqX9MMb1FesRT9LqEDSg9xzl6F-UU14QJkfrrAev4Ikx8VL2R_0K2hXQWGEMn9kQkYOdouQM_IP2HIuoOAQoxvQX1xL6ThSU/s1600/song+1-+sib+chiff+record+19b+marked.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="104" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnfIC6drGqhUpX02DDmyH-V-y_Yr9wB6at4ATKWLpF_4YDqX9MMb1FesRT9LqEDSg9xzl6F-UU14QJkfrrAev4Ikx8VL2R_0K2hXQWGEMn9kQkYOdouQM_IP2HIuoOAQoxvQX1xL6ThSU/s1600/song+1-+sib+chiff+record+19b+marked.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div align="left">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Sequence 1 continued sonogram<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">Song sequence 2<o:p></o:p></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">
</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">A shorter song, with two <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">collybita/abietinus</i> type signatures at the end. Duration 7 seconds.</span></b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><strong><span style="font-size: small;">For recording</span></strong><a href="http://chirb.it/N6dmPx" style="font-family: helvetica,arial,sans-serif; margin: 5px; text-align: left;" target="_blank" title="Singing Siberian Chiffchaff (2) Grimley 2015 | social audio"><span style="color: blue; font-size: small;">click here</span></a>
</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyEGgm0CqJ0EAss6Z31SIozdw8UKWztHkfdkozAa41vCdDsIVToQb5LWo111dSo_Kg5wQj-Sfp8rIxpyW7VGNi2CaG5XxrtVH8sNJ7m7OOgVQZeZrl8s4iPc-X6b9uqNW91zHCJna6k8w/s1600/song+2-+sib+chiff+song+13+marked.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="108" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyEGgm0CqJ0EAss6Z31SIozdw8UKWztHkfdkozAa41vCdDsIVToQb5LWo111dSo_Kg5wQj-Sfp8rIxpyW7VGNi2CaG5XxrtVH8sNJ7m7OOgVQZeZrl8s4iPc-X6b9uqNW91zHCJna6k8w/s1600/song+2-+sib+chiff+song+13+marked.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div align="left">
<strong><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sequence 2 sonogram</span></strong><o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">Song sequence 3</span></b></span><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">An even spread of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">collybita/abietinus</i>
type signatures. Duration 9.2 seconds.<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span>
</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><strong>For recording</strong><a href="http://chirb.it/Mm79Pw" style="font-family: helvetica,arial,sans-serif; margin: 5px; text-align: left;" target="_blank" title="Singing Siberian Chiffchaff (3) Grimley 2015 | social audio"><span style="color: blue;">click here</span></a></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoO0mvT6xuq0CU-5mkvnl9ogxKlZ5UiXabsYbvMzlpGGh0MUv8Y27nqgDbwB1TN8O_EEretdc4bV-Da8pKSjd5QCjtMwPFhvfmXkO2ph8fKGCU6cgfzDfuOQKlOXAcoYo17TICj37Bx-s/s1600/song+3-+sib+chiff+record+4+marked.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="96" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoO0mvT6xuq0CU-5mkvnl9ogxKlZ5UiXabsYbvMzlpGGh0MUv8Y27nqgDbwB1TN8O_EEretdc4bV-Da8pKSjd5QCjtMwPFhvfmXkO2ph8fKGCU6cgfzDfuOQKlOXAcoYo17TICj37Bx-s/s1600/song+3-+sib+chiff+record+4+marked.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div align="left" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Sequence 3 sonogram<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">Song sequence 4</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong>A single <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">collybita/abietinus</i>
type signature at the end of this song. </strong><strong>Note the variation in structure of this note, compared to the other <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">collybita/abietinus</i> type signatures, </strong><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">distinctly rising at the start, then falling sharply before rising again, resulting in a very close start and end frequency of the complete note.</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Duration 11.7 seconds.</span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: small;">For recording </span></strong><a href="http://chirb.it/wyG7nD" style="font-family: helvetica,arial,sans-serif; margin: 5px; text-align: left;" target="_blank" title="Singing Siberian Chiffchaff (3) Grimley 2015 | social audio"><span style="color: blue; font-size: small;">click here</span></a>
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZyWyqkTfUzJN1EVBvx-_0UNcwaqrEoMqDyWTujxzhtdHMfHpr_GXzuyLCUqPA2t5SOFaanAmbky4jxzuQ7LgHT1TGQhTG80HVsrr9yjWXIoG2S5Ujjfcn6xwkgESLnHOLZh_4vflNZSE/s1600/song+3-+sib+chiff+song+16+marked.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="104" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZyWyqkTfUzJN1EVBvx-_0UNcwaqrEoMqDyWTujxzhtdHMfHpr_GXzuyLCUqPA2t5SOFaanAmbky4jxzuQ7LgHT1TGQhTG80HVsrr9yjWXIoG2S5Ujjfcn6xwkgESLnHOLZh_4vflNZSE/s1600/song+3-+sib+chiff+song+16+marked.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div align="left">
<strong><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sequence 4 sonogram</span></strong><o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">
<o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">Song sequence 5</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">No <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">collybita/abietinus</i>
type signature throughout. Duration 6 seconds. </span></b><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-size: small;">For recording </span></strong><a href="http://chirb.it/cOm1EM" style="font-family: helvetica,arial,sans-serif; margin: 5px; text-align: left;" target="_blank" title="Singing Siberian Chiffchaff (4) Grimley 2015 | social audio"><span style="color: blue; font-size: small;">click here</span></a>
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz9I6Xmcm7H05qnvGf0qp2Kikh2pN9GJhXLAgblG0m7ivrodSogoj_1lKeK-5OkVIDAjhxEW64OHpKbNkfPuYJ5N11QAeeCfJyVnMar63PiL_D7nCfPMBu_tm8a1aROxZNiKKhGkmg1-0/s1600/song+4-+sib+chiff+song+10.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="110" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz9I6Xmcm7H05qnvGf0qp2Kikh2pN9GJhXLAgblG0m7ivrodSogoj_1lKeK-5OkVIDAjhxEW64OHpKbNkfPuYJ5N11QAeeCfJyVnMar63PiL_D7nCfPMBu_tm8a1aROxZNiKKhGkmg1-0/s1600/song+4-+sib+chiff+song+10.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div align="left">
<strong><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sequence 5 sonogram</span></strong><o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">
<o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">Song sequence 6</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">A very short burst of song, again lacking any <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">collybita/abietinus</i> type signature. Duration
3.2 seconds. </span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: small;">For recording </span></strong><a href="http://chirb.it/BIc4mr" style="font-family: helvetica,arial,sans-serif; margin: 5px; text-align: left;" target="_blank" title="Singing Siberian Chiffchaff (5) Grimley 2015 | social audio"><span style="color: blue; font-size: small;">click here</span></a>
</span>
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq2a2nWh-mfJqmRlOQDnhFmZ8XE5D-oUNn_afiS-kAH6merKkCD5k4IsTC4mRUhCtZ1ikeIM_Hb_MCf5jV26TDK523d8cv41HrdjYsopjSJUlcFEFwQum3aYsvH1la8JRkhzTEff_JKQw/s1600/song+5-+sib+chiff+song+15.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="102" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq2a2nWh-mfJqmRlOQDnhFmZ8XE5D-oUNn_afiS-kAH6merKkCD5k4IsTC4mRUhCtZ1ikeIM_Hb_MCf5jV26TDK523d8cv41HrdjYsopjSJUlcFEFwQum3aYsvH1la8JRkhzTEff_JKQw/s1600/song+5-+sib+chiff+song+15.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div align="left">
<strong><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sequence 6 sonogram</span></strong><o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">Song sequence 7</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">This was by far the longest song sequence recorded,
lasting for 46 seconds. Parts which included the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">collybita/abietinus</i> type signature appeared ordered in distinct phases,
forming a reasonably consistent pattern in both timing and duration. Consequently,
there appeared to be an ordered structure to the song. <o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The timing and length of these phases were as follows.<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Signature present – 10.8 seconds from start of
sequence<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Signature absent – 8.4 seconds<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Signature present – 9.2 seconds<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Signature absent – 8.8 seconds<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Signature present – 8.2 seconds to end of sequence<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">This anomaly appeared consistent throughout all the
longer song sequences recorded, including song sequence 1, where this signature
was present for the first 10.3 seconds, then absent for the remaining 7.3
seconds of the song. </span></b>
<br />
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: small;">For recording </span></strong><a href="http://chirb.it/dsEzEI" style="font-family: helvetica,arial,sans-serif; margin: 5px; text-align: left;" target="_blank" title="Singing Siberian Chiffchaff (6) Grimley 2015 | social audio"><span style="color: blue; font-size: small;">click here</span></a></span></o:p>
<br />
<o:p><br />
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN3s8cUv7w_ASRe_ArCjHU4rSnU4R-YZz2uNHa1gFWjFfsy8Arb5MBOrbpnjIp1czT510GE2o52ExMzL-6-Q86JwQUs5SWyDBFa-K0-KrrQoz6HTactUGVDoHYs1UmHp4PYD0LQh3t0qw/s1600/song+6-+song+17a+marked.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="104" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN3s8cUv7w_ASRe_ArCjHU4rSnU4R-YZz2uNHa1gFWjFfsy8Arb5MBOrbpnjIp1czT510GE2o52ExMzL-6-Q86JwQUs5SWyDBFa-K0-KrrQoz6HTactUGVDoHYs1UmHp4PYD0LQh3t0qw/s1600/song+6-+song+17a+marked.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div align="left">
<strong><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sequence 7 sonogram</span></strong></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpMGnWOInFUvlclJqGWcgGGSqARV9IzFszMMe9EJpuCTRT3xlv7lrWWeRoe8E2xRlmGSj2X32W4vFFreuEbcR0ntgQQkzeYGKtiVmUXo4EjultrLJ4i1gLm_5pUR25LXfOSHDVMsVVzEw/s1600/song+6-+song+17b+marked.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="104" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpMGnWOInFUvlclJqGWcgGGSqARV9IzFszMMe9EJpuCTRT3xlv7lrWWeRoe8E2xRlmGSj2X32W4vFFreuEbcR0ntgQQkzeYGKtiVmUXo4EjultrLJ4i1gLm_5pUR25LXfOSHDVMsVVzEw/s1600/song+6-+song+17b+marked.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div align="left">
<strong><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sequence 7 continued sonogram</span></strong><o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjskWhK5KcaWK0L3LVGgnVYCGvjA5uC0lQpkGO21uczUmMOIXAc0Lb3XLXrG3FN2LRALQY6xh1Z2-0sc2OeQThLFGDx-N0SXT4dnJ9YN_OEEQS3btx3Ds_A0L48QXA8vTGAszKys1G3Acg/s1600/song+7-+song+17c+marked.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="102" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjskWhK5KcaWK0L3LVGgnVYCGvjA5uC0lQpkGO21uczUmMOIXAc0Lb3XLXrG3FN2LRALQY6xh1Z2-0sc2OeQThLFGDx-N0SXT4dnJ9YN_OEEQS3btx3Ds_A0L48QXA8vTGAszKys1G3Acg/s640/song+7-+song+17c+marked.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div align="left">
<strong><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sequence 7 continued sonogram</span></strong></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZY4BcgUTqXEM5oOmPLGoqC_f452cNJXj3Wb2OQYc97yG6uMcsT45gJO0eh587Btdcm_wfyNrGjI-mjhooEBJ6iGw3U3nuJjERgCAVBtPn5slnDtfUvdDrzKOUdBSwupQTex-jNTEKdDE/s1600/song+6-+song+17d+marked.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="104" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZY4BcgUTqXEM5oOmPLGoqC_f452cNJXj3Wb2OQYc97yG6uMcsT45gJO0eh587Btdcm_wfyNrGjI-mjhooEBJ6iGw3U3nuJjERgCAVBtPn5slnDtfUvdDrzKOUdBSwupQTex-jNTEKdDE/s1600/song+6-+song+17d+marked.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div align="left">
<strong><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sequence 7 continued sonogram</span></strong><o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong>Enlarged examples of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">collybita/abietinus</i> type, reverse tick signatures, with variations
at the start of each note, the first, slightly bulbous, but dropping from the start, the second with a
slight rise before falling (the two latter signatures being present in <em>collybita/abietinus </em>song) and the third a sharp rise before dropping, with the
start at a lower frequency than the end of the complete note (a toppled Z). A true </strong><strong><em>collybita/abietinus</em><em> </em>song, appears to lack this sharp rise at the start of the note signature, but is very similar to an alternative <em>'sweeoo'</em> call delivered by <em>collybita</em>. See: <a href="http://deanar.org.uk/general/articles/chiffchaffcalls.htm" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">click here</span></a></strong></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span> </span></span></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSibmZdvcUeUB8tVLUS2J7XgbO1CeUS6_0WHw-QyOjVNefdJV8y59FHzFs2EOO3RhXUDyRmZiLcgEIAz47fONwBxFI4OaKgiWotPAZywATFPWCTXnfEdAPbVL6fX4kpf5sKoGaVEUIeSI/s1600/song+8_note+compare.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="305" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSibmZdvcUeUB8tVLUS2J7XgbO1CeUS6_0WHw-QyOjVNefdJV8y59FHzFs2EOO3RhXUDyRmZiLcgEIAz47fONwBxFI4OaKgiWotPAZywATFPWCTXnfEdAPbVL6fX4kpf5sKoGaVEUIeSI/s1600/song+8_note+compare.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">A bird, who’s song includes note signatures shared by <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">collybita/abietinus</i>, within an otherwise
classic tristis sequence, have been referred to as a mixed singers, but this
may be inappropriate if proven to be an integral part of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tristis</i> song. Recordings of song were analysed
from Siberian Chiffchaffs well to the east of the zone of overlap between <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">abietinus</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tristis</i> and yielded some interesting results. <o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Recordings were selected from the bird sound website
Xeno-canto, of individuals over 250miles east of the Ural Mountains, which mark
the eastern boundary for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">abietinus</i>,
during the period late May, to the end of June, so presumably territorial
males, rather than passage birds, which may be heading to their breeding
grounds west of the Urals. <o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Seven, of the nine recordings found, contained <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">collybita/abietinus</i> type, or similar note signatures
within the song and these are featured below in sonogram form, plus the date
and a link to each recording has been included. Also one recording came from
within and the other six outside the proposed range for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘fulvescens’</i>. <o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span></o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">In addition, another recording was analysed from the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tristis</i> breeding range in Kazakhstan in
early May, so potentially a territorial male, but a passage migrant couldn’t entirely
be ruled out. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b> </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-Ti8Nr7E83VRqImDEhvupNLZ79l6KhpC7gGpajPbP01SU4lg9xbb-XVliU49i-NNE52U2PojJbrE9vIj2v4ZMaAcvwOwZuDqhZa_iTfkHoeJdHz1I55T2T-SpEFyWnIVS1QDV8_uon3g/s1600/Map.jpg-copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="318" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-Ti8Nr7E83VRqImDEhvupNLZ79l6KhpC7gGpajPbP01SU4lg9xbb-XVliU49i-NNE52U2PojJbrE9vIj2v4ZMaAcvwOwZuDqhZa_iTfkHoeJdHz1I55T2T-SpEFyWnIVS1QDV8_uon3g/s1600/Map.jpg-copy.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">This map
marks the approximate location and the Xeno-canto code for each recording
analysed</span></b></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span>
<br />
</span></span></span><strong>Sonograms were
produced for the entirety of each recording, then the best sequences selected
for each bird, so most, but not all will appear the same as the sonograms
featured on Xeno-canto, which portray the first song sequence from each
recording.</strong> <br />
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Song sequence from
XC36357.<o:p></o:p></h4>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>Shapsha, near Khanty-Mansiysk, Russian Federation, on
15th June.</strong></span> <br />
<br />
<h4>
<a href="http://www.xeno-canto.org/36357" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">XC36357 click here</span></a></h4>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVh3BBKyXANhzxXDf-CPkfUxJTTNJqHbSQoTAziMHUqNzfCl15-jFJxdvDKKAeJVyCYTqZdtabqwYaffWXGV0JBh7Ud6l3cUDsUT9qfRZNGDDIiIjMwgbUnXhX0OdBUUwaWbuswUVvH7A/s1600/XC36357.wav.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="102" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVh3BBKyXANhzxXDf-CPkfUxJTTNJqHbSQoTAziMHUqNzfCl15-jFJxdvDKKAeJVyCYTqZdtabqwYaffWXGV0JBh7Ud6l3cUDsUT9qfRZNGDDIiIjMwgbUnXhX0OdBUUwaWbuswUVvH7A/s640/XC36357.wav.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">XC36357 sonogram<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
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</tbody></table>
</h4>
<h4>
</h4>
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<h4>
Song sequence from
XC148826.</h4>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>Berdsk, Russian Federation, on 21st June.</strong></span><br />
<o:p></o:p><br />
<a href="http://www.xeno-canto.org/148826" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">XC148826 click here</span></a><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhI6J2Pire3ppEnBRYhyphenhyphenZosUwoaWV-mDL2DresTUIosF77HbcIcW0M3z-6KgsxQq7uCUav-kVSTCsKp-s80lZzNjtfpI7gtGoQALlD9Yic5FCPuDw85e-11HE40M1boIgVIEGmqWaPQuBM/s1600/XC148826.wav.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="104" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhI6J2Pire3ppEnBRYhyphenhyphenZosUwoaWV-mDL2DresTUIosF77HbcIcW0M3z-6KgsxQq7uCUav-kVSTCsKp-s80lZzNjtfpI7gtGoQALlD9Yic5FCPuDw85e-11HE40M1boIgVIEGmqWaPQuBM/s1600/XC148826.wav.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div align="left" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">XC148826 sonogram<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
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<h4>
</h4>
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<h4>
<br />
Song sequence from
XC148827.</h4>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>Berdsk, Russian Federation, on 21st June.</strong></span><br />
<o:p></o:p><br />
<a href="http://www.xeno-canto.org/148827" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">XC148827 click here</span></a><br />
<h4>
</h4>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrZgDER7gsDYvLSoE6u_FgYC18-ZX0brwmz-DVaDfZ4FWNqul9lvKqpDFuUvvRIHOE9PPnSivVncQAdqa8eVIn3OMM3l4jv0__noFHuA9rx3RyYcOv44MKw_QdVqyvJSHi6jH4MRaWC_o/s1600/XC148827.wav.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="104" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrZgDER7gsDYvLSoE6u_FgYC18-ZX0brwmz-DVaDfZ4FWNqul9lvKqpDFuUvvRIHOE9PPnSivVncQAdqa8eVIn3OMM3l4jv0__noFHuA9rx3RyYcOv44MKw_QdVqyvJSHi6jH4MRaWC_o/s1600/XC148827.wav.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">XC148827 sonogram<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<h4>
Song sequence from
XC148803.</h4>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>Ongudaysky District, near Gorno-Altaysk, Russian
Federation, 29th June.<o:p></o:p></strong></span><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.xeno-canto.org/148803" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">XC148803 click here</span></a><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg514sxXPGCTVgwB9DCCQVbQvWdD7OuBlja1C2Y4r1iFK5BUKPx37-heTp9dCDua-sr6i6U1xhJIefcAMIUKd8sNzx_FE6QEbfagmtQInV2yV4IVuhdHtnxDHI4ixDvUNpCYtUdCBA0ROQ/s1600/XC148803.wav.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="102" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg514sxXPGCTVgwB9DCCQVbQvWdD7OuBlja1C2Y4r1iFK5BUKPx37-heTp9dCDua-sr6i6U1xhJIefcAMIUKd8sNzx_FE6QEbfagmtQInV2yV4IVuhdHtnxDHI4ixDvUNpCYtUdCBA0ROQ/s1600/XC148803.wav.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div align="left" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">XC148803 sonogram<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br />
<h4>
Song sequence from XC148804.</h4>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>Ongudaysky District, near Gorno-Altaysk, Russian Federation, 29th June.</strong></span><br />
<br />
<h4 class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<a href="http://www.xeno-canto.org/148804" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">XC148804 click here</span></a> </h4>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFNdaF1k2kp0jQfMTgj-xTeoEfzJCASpYlfZIGjoduMUrFPFOiW7dSfj0SR7cxYGXAJE-ZfQyHUkX5vXH6IYKwPF_WvjZ3Vled6f5tvOe2-_LSotU4s3CLRUMFLpnpZH-XNKyUsmooQ4U/s1600/XC148804.wav.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="104" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFNdaF1k2kp0jQfMTgj-xTeoEfzJCASpYlfZIGjoduMUrFPFOiW7dSfj0SR7cxYGXAJE-ZfQyHUkX5vXH6IYKwPF_WvjZ3Vled6f5tvOe2-_LSotU4s3CLRUMFLpnpZH-XNKyUsmooQ4U/s640/XC148804.wav.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div align="left" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">XC148804 sonogram<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
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</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
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<strong>Song sequence from XC162561.<o:p></o:p></strong><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>Ider Gol, Northern Mongolia, 25th May.</strong></span><br />
<o:p></o:p><br />
<a href="http://www.xeno-canto.org/162561" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">XC162561 click here</span></a> </div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP5fnyooPyetSVvyRrGmIfeBo_kxTVYYFYiZdHuPFuYHy9Z4viWr4-0Q5nI6kFyhs-cW31aww0PnTIIZZIVw3lpt7z9pN_zaDBt4ZI7ooGGU0gvpjo84J7Q3FAfDh4HNcwtOHiPtXzADE/s1600/XC162561.wav.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="102" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP5fnyooPyetSVvyRrGmIfeBo_kxTVYYFYiZdHuPFuYHy9Z4viWr4-0Q5nI6kFyhs-cW31aww0PnTIIZZIVw3lpt7z9pN_zaDBt4ZI7ooGGU0gvpjo84J7Q3FAfDh4HNcwtOHiPtXzADE/s1600/XC162561.wav.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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</span><br />
<div align="left" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">XC162561 sonogram<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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</tbody></table>
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<h4 class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
Song sequence from XC144519.<o:p></o:p></h4>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>Turochaksky District, near Gorno-Altaysk, Russian Frederation, 16th June. </strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>
</strong></span></div>
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</div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The toppled Z note signature is present throughout this sequence, an identical signature
to the one noted in song sequence 4 of the Grimley bird.<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</h4>
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</h4>
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<span style="color: blue;"> </span><a href="http://www.xeno-canto.org/144519" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">XC144519 click here</span></a></h4>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjETNhd3rRnjvyNCQH_JIOPCPm1m6E0e5s_07TrIBhOboHJazriX2O49Q6sUQymOW9_wJ3o3dY05q13GDRj1V5YFvtteM76bGr3jJ7Lp_R6ZvunVvwRJ6d_M8PORjUkaqNTSIrYJ2VVBOA/s1600/XC144519.wav.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="104" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjETNhd3rRnjvyNCQH_JIOPCPm1m6E0e5s_07TrIBhOboHJazriX2O49Q6sUQymOW9_wJ3o3dY05q13GDRj1V5YFvtteM76bGr3jJ7Lp_R6ZvunVvwRJ6d_M8PORjUkaqNTSIrYJ2VVBOA/s1600/XC144519.wav.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">XC144519 sonogram<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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Song sequence from XC120396</h4>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Dzhukey, Kazakhstan, 6th May.</span></h4>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></o:p></span></b> </div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">This recording consisted of five song sequences from the same individual and
includes all the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">collybita/abietinus</i> type
note signatures featured in recordings of the Grimley bird. The signature which
drops from the start is present in sequence 1 (third marked), plus the last marked note in sequence 4 & 5, the one with the
slight rise, before falling is repeated in all five sequences, whilst the toppled Z note is in sequence 4 (second marked). <o:p></o:p></span></span></b><br />
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<a href="http://www.xeno-canto.org/120396" target="_blank"><strong><span style="color: blue;">XC120396 click here</span></strong></a></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyeu65KJ4z4nwMIJrTxdTxWnLq6s6WPOVv7krhBPJDbZPEbNXVZbLHFb5SFNd3lvJceAlYFvWV1X6VyRggqLjT95JZCYm2qLz2EaJhXJ1ANKj2wDa0Tuizk9RW9_lGfd-h56zJH3Rmppk/s1600/0251a+sib+chiff+120396+6-5.wav+copy.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="102" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyeu65KJ4z4nwMIJrTxdTxWnLq6s6WPOVv7krhBPJDbZPEbNXVZbLHFb5SFNd3lvJceAlYFvWV1X6VyRggqLjT95JZCYm2qLz2EaJhXJ1ANKj2wDa0Tuizk9RW9_lGfd-h56zJH3Rmppk/s1600/0251a+sib+chiff+120396+6-5.wav+copy.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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</span><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">XC120396 sequence 1 sonogram<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4N_2lBuBCvoQXd_MZRoCWOgerw-MWFx3vLTxM90lczNP4h1lBJ68pIEpcFKfW9-I30qwX219g45g3iSsdRXEycQmkUGTFcWIjX19YeMB6w8oxwMy2WNsxLKBPNIlydz8S7bSuNJ46dNE/s1600/0251b+sib+chiff+120396+6-5.wav+copy.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="104" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4N_2lBuBCvoQXd_MZRoCWOgerw-MWFx3vLTxM90lczNP4h1lBJ68pIEpcFKfW9-I30qwX219g45g3iSsdRXEycQmkUGTFcWIjX19YeMB6w8oxwMy2WNsxLKBPNIlydz8S7bSuNJ46dNE/s1600/0251b+sib+chiff+120396+6-5.wav+copy.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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</span><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">XC120396 sequence 2 sonogram<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6ZGOncgQHv4IE3Bbuhqx1fR_FYKjlpF_d8b5yKOW-BVa-0-Gj3erCbpVh73Im5Yrrdv8J9AF_AU_iyeuA8TioyheQ6Gevo1KCAtdyvLgoHUG54XoehBV52w-NDURclGiwPfhl_enPCMg/s1600/0251c+sib+chiff+120396+6-5.wav+copy.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="104" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6ZGOncgQHv4IE3Bbuhqx1fR_FYKjlpF_d8b5yKOW-BVa-0-Gj3erCbpVh73Im5Yrrdv8J9AF_AU_iyeuA8TioyheQ6Gevo1KCAtdyvLgoHUG54XoehBV52w-NDURclGiwPfhl_enPCMg/s1600/0251c+sib+chiff+120396+6-5.wav+copy.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">XC120396 sequence 3 sonogram<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpYtTFvYqBObDp4g4NyKhH5L7zhFdEYMhPH4VMJTGCIC7cYtixG8TFjlu5lByNJLJyhK_ZvBFazEvJhKjFSb9xJ7q72Y9ZUDyJttfqDrscFIBCk8F1TfFzsbHZDI5xY_kVYp0VPP5aj94/s1600/0251d+sib+chiff+120396+6-5.wav+copy.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="104" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpYtTFvYqBObDp4g4NyKhH5L7zhFdEYMhPH4VMJTGCIC7cYtixG8TFjlu5lByNJLJyhK_ZvBFazEvJhKjFSb9xJ7q72Y9ZUDyJttfqDrscFIBCk8F1TfFzsbHZDI5xY_kVYp0VPP5aj94/s1600/0251d+sib+chiff+120396+6-5.wav+copy.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">XC120396 sequence 4 sonogram<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEoH3XpRjbeU7abkioqgtAZV2KMrYgCXz17daVHwhcDHyDBhyBnpHVlzxoDbmoOX_iDDdvAUmkPjE2iZtUsM7bJFRmetgZo8WWw_0G-vocoNkorYWT3ezJ8o3TMkQZYNb8EYGrD_XOnAI/s1600/0251e+sib+chiff+120396+6-5.wav+copy.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="104" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEoH3XpRjbeU7abkioqgtAZV2KMrYgCXz17daVHwhcDHyDBhyBnpHVlzxoDbmoOX_iDDdvAUmkPjE2iZtUsM7bJFRmetgZo8WWw_0G-vocoNkorYWT3ezJ8o3TMkQZYNb8EYGrD_XOnAI/s1600/0251e+sib+chiff+120396+6-5.wav+copy.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">XC120396 sequence 5 sonogram<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
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</div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Enlarged signatures<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrmm8kphfGJ9QwuPStA4LanOJCZhN3UHQ53DZ6GI2w_V_gkEKz6bZtKJn9Ts_SVlwgJUB5a-akCBAMD8_0tufKrOaUCB1rI4zXfu2F1AxAtxNVWJv_VHubK7_rcxsK3J3gn5Hvk5QTxdQ/s1600/0251+sign+mont.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrmm8kphfGJ9QwuPStA4LanOJCZhN3UHQ53DZ6GI2w_V_gkEKz6bZtKJn9Ts_SVlwgJUB5a-akCBAMD8_0tufKrOaUCB1rI4zXfu2F1AxAtxNVWJv_VHubK7_rcxsK3J3gn5Hvk5QTxdQ/s1600/0251+sign+mont.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Unfortunately, there were no recording on Xeno-canto
of birds from the eastern breeding range of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tristis</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">Call<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span>
</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">This individual rarely called, but two distinct notes
were recorded, the first a classic <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tristis</i>,
even pitch monosyllabic <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘peet’</i> and
the second, a very quiet, rising disyllabic <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘hweet’</i>.
<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b>
</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">Call 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The classic <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tristis</i>
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘peet’</i> call was heard on at least
three occasions.<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: small;">For recording</span></strong> </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F-q3p9LJA0w" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">click here</span></a>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Taken from a video recording by Brian Stretch, the
call being right at the start of the recording.<o:p></o:p></span></span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"></span></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS-YKRK1w7OBV2pXbrkWtlRmMvmnERAAn0zZyYLeiq2bjZaunvIF608ZmR-gsXfzfN-_Z_hdX3ESZC6rC4dd04YOa-NruQZYk0IXgjlrnRenuzSa08nge2Ndm32mww-WzRHnZzkYNP6O4/s1600/sib+chiff+record+call+2a+for+sono.wav.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><img border="0" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS-YKRK1w7OBV2pXbrkWtlRmMvmnERAAn0zZyYLeiq2bjZaunvIF608ZmR-gsXfzfN-_Z_hdX3ESZC6rC4dd04YOa-NruQZYk0IXgjlrnRenuzSa08nge2Ndm32mww-WzRHnZzkYNP6O4/s1600/sib+chiff+record+call+2a+for+sono.wav.png" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
<div align="left" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">‘peet’</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> call
sonogram<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: x-small;">
</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></b></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">Call 2<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘hweet’ </i>call
was heard on at least four occasions and ranged from 2.8 kHz – 4.6 kHz.</span></b></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<strong><span style="font-size: small;">For recording</span></strong></o:p><a href="http://chirb.it/H3PehA" style="font-family: helvetica,arial,sans-serif; margin: 5px; text-align: left;" target="_blank" title="Siberian Chiffchaff call 1 | social audio"><span style="color: blue;">click here</span></a><br />
</span></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhze_CfBSLJ26GEmFVk47RmPNrxy37VcNidtVeXlXvNFpGBisnbYdA2kjvg0JRAVZ0YEZHwZBnabXuc2SxdzRUQTCNUokG9_QJfg_Gtv5DnSXiJBrFfrbGyFnVbkOPhfUoBSqHeViCeZO4/s1600/sib+chiff+record+call+1+for+sono.wav.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="232" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhze_CfBSLJ26GEmFVk47RmPNrxy37VcNidtVeXlXvNFpGBisnbYdA2kjvg0JRAVZ0YEZHwZBnabXuc2SxdzRUQTCNUokG9_QJfg_Gtv5DnSXiJBrFfrbGyFnVbkOPhfUoBSqHeViCeZO4/s1600/sib+chiff+record+call+1+for+sono.wav.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div align="left" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">‘hweet’</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> call
sonogram<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Note how similar in appearance the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘hweet’</i> call signature is to notes
included within the song. This may be one explanation for why calls sometimes
deviate from the classic <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tristis ‘peet’</i>.
<o:p></o:p></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN59wL2mI0va-J4A_Z18rsJq5cNVD2_F3mIXuPevbvS9JqogkEmZQVPAVqttnoo_Z8_fxIJk2zxRWU6KUCm9yCXlHCW1f5d1vbqBIJwDZN9Z463tXi37mqffGaSwDINND-HdLl18xjekU/s1600/song+to+call+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN59wL2mI0va-J4A_Z18rsJq5cNVD2_F3mIXuPevbvS9JqogkEmZQVPAVqttnoo_Z8_fxIJk2zxRWU6KUCm9yCXlHCW1f5d1vbqBIJwDZN9Z463tXi37mqffGaSwDINND-HdLl18xjekU/s1600/song+to+call+copy.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Sonogram of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘hweet’
</i>call compared to a note signature within <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tristis</i> song<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Conclusion by the author<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">On plumage, the Grimley bird appears about as good as
it gets for classic <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tristis</i> and
whilst its song included note signatures similar to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">collybita/abietinus</i>, this is matched by recordings of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tristis</i> at least as far east as the
central breeding belt and beyond the recognised limits of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘fulvescens’</i>, so consider it inappropriate to describe this
particular individual as a ‘mixed singer’. Based on the aforementioned, I conclude
that this was a thoroughbred Siberian Chiffchaff, which in turn, shows that
call can deviate from the so-called classic <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tristis
‘peet’</i>. <o:p></o:p></span></span></b><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><strong>Acknowledgements</strong></span><b><u><span style="font-family: "Verdana",sans-serif;"> </span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: "Verdana",sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Many thanks to Alan Dean for his input and advise during the production of this article.</span> </strong></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><br /> </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">Written and compiled by Andy Warr.</span> </span></b></span></span><br />
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<br />Redpollshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15924875045965763296noreply@blogger.com3